According to a March 2017 survey by Caring.com, six out of ten Americans have no will or any other kind of estate planning. Many said they’d get around to it, eventually. When they’re old. (The survey did find that the elderly are much more likely to have some plan in place.) It’s all too clear that most of us think “estate planning” is a euphemism for “deathtime” planning. Indeed, in the Caring.com survey, one-third said that they didn’t need an estate plan because they didn’t have any assets to give someone when they’d died.
However, comprehensive estate planning isn’t just deathtime planning. It’s lifetime planning, too. It’s about ensuring that your medical and financial decisions can be made by someone that you trust when you are unable to make those decision for yourself. Lifetime planning can help you address potential tax liabilities, find you benefit programs you may eligible for, and protect your family from costly guardianship or conservatorship court. It can make sure that a trusted party looks after and protects your affairs, if and when you’re not able to.
Lifetime Planning Tools
As estate planners, we have an arsenal of lifetime planning tools to benefit our clients, and we custom-tailor such plans to meet each individual’s needs. Here are a couple of the most common (and necessary) lifetime planning tools you should discuss with us.
Revocable living trusts
When people hear the word “trust,” they may think of “trust fund babies” or think that trusts are something only for the super-rich.
However, a trust is simply a legal tool that can help almost anyone with property – not just the wealthy. In a trust, assets you own are re-titled and transferred into the trust. When this happens, technically, you no longer own your real estate, stocks, bonds and similar properties. Instead, the trust owns them all. But you still control everything in the trust: You can buy and sell these assets as if they were still in your name. In fact, revocable living trusts don’t even change your income taxes while you’re alive. You continue to file your tax returns as you always have, making them very easy to administer while you’re alive. As the creator (grantor or settlor) of the trust, you can continue to make changes to the trust as long as you’re competent to do so.
When you die, the trust becomes irrevocable, meaning its terms can’t generally be changed. At this point, your chosen successor trustee distributes assets to beneficiaries (the people, such as your spouse, children, a church, or other charity, you named to inherit from you). In many respects, the role of the trustee is similar to that of the executor of a will. But, a trustee of a fully funded trust doesn’t have to go through the both public and expensive probate process. Trusts are private, unlike wills, which can also provide valuable privacy to your family and ultimately help preserve your assets for the people you want to benefit from your estate.
Durable power of attorney
Durable powers of attorney come in two forms. With a standard durable power of attorney, a person is legally designated to act on your behalf, in the ways specified in the document. You can make the durable power of attorney broad in scope or quite limited, and it becomes active as soon as you sign it. Under this document, the person may sign checks for you, enter contracts on your behalf, even buy or sell your assets. What they can do depends on what you authorized in the document.
For those who ultimately may need long term care, having a durable power of attorney in place before the need for the long term care arises, can allow for eligibility for Medicaid benefits that otherwise may be beyond reach of the incapacitated person. If the power of attorney is not already in place when dementia or Alzheimer’s Disease, or other debilitating diseases arise, the lack of a durable power of attorney could cost your family thousands of dollars a month. A properly drafted and signed power of attorney can bring those funds back to the family – legally and ethically.
In the case of a “springing” power of attorney (POA), also known as a conditional power of attorney, the person only has this authority if you become incapacitated. At that point, the POA “springs” into action. Florida law does not allow the use of springing powers of attorney any longer, but those signed prior to October 1, 2011 are deemed to be legally effective. However, there is no statutory basis for forcing a third party to honor a power of attorney signed before October 1, 2011, so if you have such a power of attorney you may want to seriously consider having it updated to comply with the statute that became effective on that date.
There is no “best” power of attorney. We’ll work with you to determine which is the best fit for your needs and goals.
Health Care Power of Attorney
In an instant, an accident can change a healthy, vigorous person into someone who can’t make her healthcare decisions. Others face a long decline in mental capacity because of a disease like Alzheimer’s. In either case, you want to empower those you trust to make medical decisions for you. Though health care legal documents vary somewhat by state, the general principle is that, through this document, you authorize someone to make medical decisions for you, if and when you no longer have the capacity to do so. You can also communicate your desired treatment and end-of-life care. However, those instructions may not be valid in every state.
A Holistic Approach
Lifetime planning is a comprehensive approach to estate planning. And while it addresses needs of the living, comprehensive planning may also improve the after-death part of your plan as well, because it can reduce family conflict and preserve assets against court control or interference in the event of incapacity.
Contact an Experienced Estate Planning Attorney
For insight into how to establish a trust, whether it be a revocable trust or an irrevocable trust, and implement other lifetime planning options, call us today to schedule a consultation.